The most basic method for creating a reference is to use the backslash (\) operator. For example, to create a simple scalar reference, you would use something like the following:

     #!/usr/local/bin/perl
     $name = "Selena Sol";
     $reference = \$name;

Notice the backslash character before $name.

Creating array, hash and subroutine references follows the exact same process such as:

     $array_reference = \@array_name;
     $hash_reference = \%hash_name;
     $subroutine_ref = \&sub_name;